Radicalization is a complex process where individuals or groups adopt extremist ideologies, leading them toward violent actions. In Pakistan, this phenomenon is driven by multiple socio-political and psychological factors. Poverty, unemployment, and lack of opportunities often push individuals, particularly the youth, toward extremist groups that promise a sense of belonging and purpose. In regions with limited economic development, people may feel marginalized or excluded from the mainstream, making them more vulnerable to radicalization. These groups often provide not only a sense of identity but also financial incentives, which make the path to extremism seem appealing to those in dire circumstances.
Political instability and conflict further exacerbate this issue. Pakistan has faced decades of violence, especially in areas like Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where insurgencies and terrorist organizations thrive. In such regions, feelings of injustice and frustration over government neglect create a breeding ground for extremist ideologies. Vulnerable populations, who feel powerless, may be drawn to groups that promise to address their grievances through violent means. These groups exploit local political unrest and turn it into a justification for radicalization, which often becomes a cycle of violence and retaliation.
Religious manipulation also plays a significant role in radicalization. Extremist groups frequently distort religious teachings to promote violence and recruit followers. In some cases, religious schools (madrassas) play a role in shaping the beliefs of young people, pushing them toward an extreme interpretation of religion. Moreover, the rise of online platforms has made it easier for these groups to spread their ideologies and recruit members, especially among the younger generation. Social media and digital content provide them with a powerful tool to influence minds, making radicalization more widespread and harder to combat.
Courtesy: MDPI
Courtesy: Springer Nature